英语的非谓语动词一共有多少种形式？

表主动的有：doing, to be doing, having been doing, being doing, to do, to have been doing

表被动的有：done, to be done, having been done, having been being done, being done, to have been done, to be being done, to have been being done

这些是我所有能想到的了，请问列举的这些都有吗？它们的区别是什么呢？是不是被动done是通用的？

可以这样算一下：

非谓语动词包括“分词、不定式、动名词”这3类。

每个分类有“一般、进行、完成、完成进行”这4种状态。

每个状态分为“主动、被动”这2种语态。

所以从理论上讲，非谓语动词共有3*4*2=24种。

实际上，有的形式只是理论上存在，实际上极少使用，比如“完成进行被动”含义的分词、不定式、动名词，基本上没有实际的使用。

注：各形式使用了“式”而不是“时”，“式”表示形式，是非谓语动词，“时”是时态，是谓语动词。

1. 一般式主动语态：doing

2. 一般式被动语态：done

3. 进行式主动语态：doing（doing本身就表达“进行”，与一般式重合）

4. 进行式被动语态：being done

例：She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.（2025年高考全国2卷阅读理解B篇）

5. 完成式主动语态：having done

例：He left after 6 months, physically broken and having lost his mind.（2020年高考新课标1卷）

6. 完成式被动语态：having been done

7. 完成进行式主动语态：having been doing

8. 完成进行式被动语态：having been being done（理论上存在，实际上罕见）

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1. 一般式主动语态：to do

2. 一般式被动语态：to be done

3. 进行式主动语态：to be doing

例：May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.（2012年高考安徽卷22题）

4. 进行式被动语态：to be being done（理论上存在，实际上罕见）

5. 完成式主动语态：to have done

6. 完成式被动语态：to have been done

7. 完成进行式主动语态：to have been doing

8. 完成进行式被动语态：to have been being done（理论上存在，实际上罕见）

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1. 一般式主动语态：doing

2. 一般式被动语态：being done

例：Therefore, they do not feel the satisfaction of being academically challenged. （2025年高考北京卷阅读理解B篇）

例：She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. （2024年高考新课标2卷阅读理解D篇）

3. 进行式主动语态：doing（动名词因为是“名词”，极少用到“进行”含义，所以此形式罕用）

4. 进行式被动语态：being done（同上）

5. 完成式主动语态：having done

例：He discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s mental health.（2025年高考北京卷阅读理解D篇）

6. 完成式被动语态：having been done

7. 完成进行式主动语态：having been doing

8. 完成进行式被动语态：having been being done（理论上存在，实际上罕见）

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